Jewel coral refers to the type of coral or its skeleton that is red to white in color and is mainly processed into jewelry. Reef-forming corals are distinguished from reef-building corals based on their intended use by humans.
The skeleton is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. Therefore, it dissolves when immersed in acid. It has a Mohs hardness of about 3.5 and emits pale purple fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light .
宝石サンゴは紅色から白色を呈し、主に宝飾品等に加工されるサンゴの種類、あるいはその骨格を指します。サンゴ礁を形成する造礁サンゴとは、人間の使用目的に基づいて区別されます。
サンゴの骨格は主に炭酸カルシウムからなり、このため酸に浸けると溶解する。モース高度は3.5程度で、紫外線に対して淡紫色の蛍光を発します。
red coral Corallium rubrum
Its habitat is the Mediterranean Sea, from the waters around Italy to the northwestern coast of Africa. The height of the colony is about 30 centimeters, and the thickness of the root is about 2 centimeters in diameter. Unlike other gemstone corals that live only on the ocean floor deeper than 100 meters, it is also distributed on shallow ocean floors. It has been used by humans for the longest time among the precious corals, dating back tens of thousands of years .
紅サンゴ(Corallium rubrum)
生息地は地中海、イタリア近海からアフリカ北西岸まで。群体の高さは30センチメートル程度、浅い海底にも分布する、宝石サンゴの中ではもっとも人類の利用が長い。
Corallium japonicum
They live on the ocean floor near Japan, including Tosa Bay and the Ogasawara Islands. The height of the colony is about 40 cm, and the thickness of the root is about 5 cm in diameter.
赤サンゴ(Corallium japonicum)
日本のサンゴで土佐湾、小笠原諸島など日本近海の海底に生息。群体の高さは40センチメートル程度
Corallium elatius
They live in the Philippines, off the coast of Nagasaki, Tosa Bay, and the Ogasawara Islands. The colony is about 150 centimeters tall, and the base is over 15 centimeters in diameter, making it a large species compared to other gemstone corals.
桃色サンゴ(Corallium elatius)
フィリピンから長崎沖、土佐湾、小笠原諸島などに生息。群体の高さは150センチメートル以上と、大型の種
Corallium konojoi
They live in the South China Sea, off the coast of Nagasaki, and in Tosa Bay. The height of the colony is about 50 cm, and the thickness of the root is about 4 cm in diameter . The scientific name konojoi is named after Konojo Ebisuya, who was the first to collect white coral in Japan and contributed to coral fishing by developing fishing nets for coral.
白サンゴ(Corallium konojoi)
南シナ海から長崎沖、土佐湾などに生息。高さは50センチメートル程度、学名のコノジョイ(konojoi)は日本で初めてシロサンゴを採取し、またサンゴ用の漁網を開発するなどサンゴ漁に貢献した戎屋幸之丞の名前にちなむ。学者ではなく、お金に目がくらんだ命知らずの漁師の名前が学名ですよ。日本の宝石サンゴは500m以上の深さに生息しているので残念ながらダイバーは見ることが出来ません。
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